Eritrea

Literature on Gender

Bailliet, Cecilia

2007
Examining sexual violence in the military within the context of Eritrean asylum claims presented in Norway, in: International Journal of Refugee Law, 19, S.471-510.

Berhe, T.

2005
War and prevalence, Evidence from Tigray, Ethiopia, in: African Security Review, vol. 14, no. 3, S.107-114.

Blanc, Ann

2004
The role of conflict in the rapid fertility decline in Eritrea and prospects for the future, in: Studies in Family Planning, vol. 353, pp. 236-245.

Bruchhaus, Eva-Maria / Mehreteab, Amanuel

2000
`Leaving the warm house´, The impact of demobilisation in Eritrea, in: Kingma, Kees (ed.): Demobilisation in Sub-Saharan Africa, The development and security impacts, MacMillan Publishers, Houndsmills, Basingstoke, S.95-131.

Burgess, Doris

1989
Women and war: Eritrea, in: Review of African Political Economy, no. 45/46, S.126-132.

Campbell, Patricia

2005
Gender and post-conflict civil society in Eritrea, in: International Feminist Journal of Politics, vol. 7, pp. 377-399.

Christman, Stefanie

1996
Die Freiheit haben wir nicht von den Männern, Frauen in Eritrea, Horleman Verlag, Bad Honnef.

Colijn, Inge

1990
Eritrean refugee women in eastern Sudan: Changes in roles and responsibilities, and the consequences, in: VENA Newsletter vol. 2, no. 2, pp.23-27.

Cowan, Nicole Ann

1984
Women in Eritea, An eye-witness account, in: Review of African Political Economy, no. 27-28, S.143-152.
1984
Women’s movement in Eritrea, in: Review of African Political Economy, no. 27-38, S.152-155.

Eikenberg, Kathrin

1985
Frauen in Eritrea, Zur Frauenpolitik der EPLF, Institut für Afrika-Kunde, Hamburg.

Hale, Sondra

2001
Liberated but not free, Women in post-conflict Eritrea, in: Meintjes, Sheila / Pillay, Anu / Turshen, Meredeth (eds.): The aftermath, Women in post-conflict transformation, Zed Books, London, S.122-141.
2001
The soldier and the state, Post-Liberation women: The case of Eritrea, in: Waller, Marguerite / Rycenga, Jennifer (eds.): Frontline feminsms, women, war and resistance, Garland Publishing, New York.

Israel, Mark / Lyons, Tanya / Mason, C.

2002
Women, resistance and Africa: Armed struggles in Zimbabwe, South Africa and Eritrea, in: Humanity and Society, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 196-213.

Kibreab, Gaim

1995
Eritrean women refugees in Khartoum, Sudan, 1970-1990, in: Journal of Refugee Studies, vol. 8, no. 1, S.1-25.
2003
Rethinking household headship among Eritrean refugees and returnees, in: Development and Change, vol. 34, no. 2, S.311-337.

Klingebiel, Stephan / Gärke, Inge / Kreidler, Corinna et al.

1995
Promoting the reintegration of former female and male combatants in Eritrea, Possible contributions of development co-operation to the reintegration programme, Deutsches Institut für Entwicklungspolitik, Reports and Working Papers, 6, Bonn.

Koenig, Angela

1990
Überleben in Gewaltverhältnissen, Zur Situation eritreischer und äthiopischer Flüchtlingsfrauen, in: Donner-Reichle, Carola / Klemp, Ludgera (Hrsg.): Frauenwort für Menschenrechte, Breitenbach Verlag, Saarbrücken, S.141-169.

LaDuke, Betty

1997
Eritrea: Artisits/fighters with new visions, in: LaDuke, Betty. Africa: Women's art, Women lives, Africa World Press, Trenton, pp. 147-187.

Leisure, Susan

1999
Exchanging participation for promises: Mobilization of women in Eritrea, in: Bystydzienski, Jill M. and Sekhon, Joti (eds.): Democratization and women's Grassroots movements, Indiana University Press, Bloomington, S.95-109.

Lindstrom, D. / Berhanu, Betemariam

1999
The impact of war, famine and economic decline on marital fertility in Ethiopia, in: Demography, vol. 36, no. 2, S.247-326.

Lochen-Tschhofen, Doris

1989
Die eritreischen Frauen, Zärtlichkeit im Überlebenskampf, in: Furrer-Kreski, Elisabeth et al. (Hg.): Handbuch Eritrea, Geschichte und Gegenwart eines Konfliktes, Zürich, S.69-98.

MacKay, Angela

2005
Mainstreaming gender in United Nations peacekeeping training, Examples from East Timor, Ethiopia, and Eritrea, in: Mazurana, Dyan E. / Raven-Roberts, Angela / Parpart, Jane L. (eds.): Gender, conflict and peacekeeping, Rowman and Littlefield, Lanham, S.265-279.

Mama, Amina

1992
The need for gender analysis, A comment on the prospects for peace, recovery and development in the Horn of Africa, in: Doornbos, M. / Cliffe, L. / Ahmed, A.G.M. / Markakis, J. (eds.): Beyond conflict in the horn, Africa World Press, Trenton, S.72-78.

Mariam, Yeshi

1994
Ethiopian women in the period of socialist transformation, in: Economic and Political Weekly, vol. 29, pp. WS57-62.

Mason, Christine

2001
Gender, nationalism and revolution: Reassessing women's relationships with the Eritrean Liberation Front, Working Paper no. 274, Women and International Development, Michigan State University, East Lansing.

Matsuoka, Atsuko / Sorenson, John

1999
Eritrean Canadian refugee households as sites of gender renegotiation, in: Indra, D. (ed.): Engendering forced migration, Theory and practice, Berg Publishers, Oxford, S.218-241.
2000
Eritrean women in Canada, Negotiating new lives, in: Candian Journal of Women`s Studies, vol. 19, no. 3, S.104-109.

Matzke, Christine

2002
Of Suwa and singing contests, Eerly urban women performers in Asmara, Eritrea, in: Banham, Martin / Gibbs, James / Osofisan, Femi (eds.): African theatre, Women, James Currey, London, S.29-46.
2002
Comrades in arts and arms, Stories of war and watercolours from Eritrea, in: Matatu, no. 25-26, S.21-54.
2003
Engendering theatre in Eritrea: The roles and representations of women in the performing arts, Bruchhaus, Eva-Marie (ed.): Hot spot Horn of Africa, Between integration and disintegration, Lit-Verlag, Munster/Berlin.

Mc Spadden, J.

1999
Negotiating masculinity in the reconstrution of social space, Eritrean and Ethiopian refugees in the United States and Sweden, in: Indra, D. (ed.): Engendering forced migration, Theory and practice, Berg Publishers, Oxford, S.242-260.

Moussa, Helene

1995
Caught between two worlds, Eritrean women refugees and voluntary repatriation, in: Sorenson, John (ed.): Disaster and development in the Horn of Africa, St. Martin`s Press, New York, S.208-227.

Ntombizozuko, Dyani

2006
Protocol on the rights of women in Africa, Protection from sexual violence during armed conflict, in: African Journal of Human Rights.

Nusad, Mary

1990
We are war’s natural enemies, in: VENA Newsletter vol. 2, no. 2, pp.28-31.

Odede, Rachel / Asghedom, Eden

2001
The continuum of violence against women in Eritrea, in: Development, vol. 44, no. 3, S.69-73.

Ondeko, Roselidah / Purdin, Susan

2004
Understanding the causes of gender-based violence, in: Forced Migration Review, vol. 19, S.30-31.

Oku Bright, Nancee

1997
Mothers of steel, The women of Um Garur, An Eritrean refugee settlement in Sudan, Africa World Press, Trenton.

Pankhurst, Helen

1999
Gender and conflict, Case study on Eritrean fighters, unpublished paper, ACORD, London.

Schamaneck, Claudia

1988
Eritrea: Wie ich zum Krieg kam, Reise in eine ungeliebte Realität, in: Frauensolidarität, Nr. 24, S.2-6.
1988
Begegnungen: Seit wir bereit sind, zu sterben, denken wir nicht mehr an das Kinderkriegen, in: Frauensolidarität, Nr. 24, S.7-11.
1998
Frauenemanzipation in revolutionären und militärischen Kontexten, Aspekte der Geschlechterverhältnisse am Beispiel eritreischer EPLF-Kämpferinnen, Beiträge zur Afrikanistik, 61, Wien.

Schuckar, Monika

1990
Lebensbedingungen, Widerstand und Verfolgung von Frauen vor dem Hintergrund des eritreischen Unabhängigkeitskampfes, Berliner Institut für vergleichende Sozialforschung, Berlin.

Selassie, Wubnesh

1992
The changing position of Eritrean women: An overview of women’s participation in the EPLF, in: Doonbos, Martin / Cliffe, Lionel / Ahmed, Abdel Ghaffar (eds.): Beyond conflict in the Horn, Red Sea Press, Trenton, S.67-71.

Silkin, T.

1983
Eritrea, Women in the struggle, in: Third World Quarterly, vol. 5, no. 4, S.909-914.
1989
Women can only be free when the power of the kin groups in smashed, New marriage laws and social change in liberated zones in Eritrea, in: International Journal of the Sociology of Law, vol. 17, S.147-163.

Sorensen, John

1988
Eritrean women, Dual struggle in the Horn of Africa, in: Canadian Women’s Studies, vol. 9, S.96-110.

Tseggai, Araia

1990
Eritrean women and Italian soldiers, Status of Eritrean women under Italian rule, in: Journal of Eritrean Studies, vol. vi, no. 1-2, pp.7-12.

Volker-Saad, Kerstin

2004
Zivilistinnen und Kämpferinnen in Eritrea, Berliner Beiträge zur Ethnologie, Bd. 7, Weißensee Verlag, Berlin.
2004
Eritrea und der Krieg, Frauen im Spannungsfeld zwischen traditionellen Kompetenzen und militärischer Notwendigkeit, in: Dilger, Hansjörg / Wolf, Angelika / Frömming, Urte Undine / Volker-Saad, Kerstin (Hg.): Moderne und postkoloniale Transformation, Weißensee-Verlag, Berlin, S.114-127.

Wilson, Amrit

1991
Women and the Eritrean revolution, The challenge road, The Read Sea Press, London.

Zimprich, Elke

1996
Ex-Kombatantinnen - Erfahrungen mit der Reintegration in Äthiopien, Eritrea und Uganda, in: EPD-Entwicklungspolitik, 3, S.R-X.
1996
Reintegration von Ex-Kämpferinnen in Eritrea, Eine gender-spezifische Studie in friedens- und entwicklungspolitischer Perspektive, Veröffentlichungen aus dem Institut für Afrika-Kunde, Hamburg.

Background Information

Abbay, Alemseged

1998
Identity jilted or re-imagining identity? The divergent paths of the Eritrean and Tigrayan nationalist struggles, The Red Sea Press, Lawrenceville.

Abbink, Jon

1998
Briefing, The Eritrean-Ethiopian border dispute, in: African Affairs, no. 97, S.551-565.

Ager, Alastair / Strang, Alison / Abebe, Behailu

2005
Conceptualizing community development in war-affected populations, Illustrations from Tigray, in: Community Development Journal, 40, 2, S.158-168.

Allen, Tim (ed.)

1996
In search for cool ground, War, fighting and homecomming in North-East Africa, James Currey, Oxford/London.

Bailliet, Cecilia

2007
Examining sexual violence in the military within the context of Eritrean asylum claims presented in Norway, in: International Journal of Refugee Law, 19, S.471-510.

Bariagaber, Assefaw

1998
The politics of cultural pluralism in Ethiopia and Eritrea, Trajectories of ethnicity and constitional experiments, in: Ethnic and Racial Studies, vol. 21, no. 6, S.1057-1073.
1999
States, international organisations and refugees, Reflections on the complexity of managing the refugee crisis in the Horn of Africa, in: Journal of Modern African Studies, vol. 37, no. 4, S.597-619.
2001
The refugee experience, Understanding the dynamics of refugee repatriation in Eritrea, in: Journal of Third World Studies, vol. 18, no. 2, S.47-70.
2006
Conflict and refugee experience, Flight, exile, and repatriation in the Horn of Africa, Ashgate Publishing, Aldershot.

Bascom, Jonathan

2005
The long, ‘last step’? Reintegration of repatriates in Eritrea, in: Journal of Refugee Studies, vol. 18, S.165-180.

Bekoe, Dorina (ed.)

2006
East Africa and the Horn, Confronting challenges of good governance, United States of America Press, Lanham.

Bereketeab, Redie

2004
Perilous dualism, Language, religion and identity in polyethnic Eritrea, in: Englund, Harrie / Nyamnjoh, Francis (eds.): Rights and politics of recognition in Africa, Zed Books, London, S.219-236.
2007
When success becomes a liability, Challenges of state building in Eritrea, 1991-2005, in: African and Asian Studies, vol. 6, no. 4, S.395-430.

Bernal, V.

2000
Equality to die for? Women guerrilla fighters and Eritrea’s cultural revolution, in: Polar, 23, S.61-76.

Blanc, Ann

2004
The role of conflict in the rapid fertility decline in Eritrea and prospects for the future, in: Studies in Family Planning, vol. 353, S. 236-245.

Brown, Neil / Riordan, Sean / Sharpe, Marina

2004
The Insecurity of Eritreans and Ethiopians in Cairo, in: International Journal of Refugee Law, 16, S.661-701.

Bruchhaus, Eva-Maria / Mehreteab, Amanuel

2000
`Leaving the warm house´, The impact of demobilisation in Eritrea, in: Kingma, Kees (ed.): Demobilisation in Sub-Saharan Africa, The development and security impacts, MacMillan Publishers, Houndsmills, Basingstoke, S.95-131.

Bruchhaus, Eva-Maria / Kreidler, Corinna / Schütte, Haja

1995
„Oh Du Löwe, wohin jetzt?“ Demobilisierung und Reintegration in Eritrea, in: Afrika Spectrum, vol. 30, S.177-193.

Bruchhaus, Eva-Maria (ed.)

2003
Hot spot Horn of Africa, Between integration and disintegration, Lit-Verlag, Münster.

Burgess, Doris

1989
Women and war: Eritrea, in: Review of African Political Economy, no. 45/46, S.126-132.

Campbell, Patricia

2005
Gender and post-conflict civil society in Eritrea, in: International Feminist Journal of Politics, vol. 7, S.377-399.

Christmann, Stefanie

1996
Die Freiheit haben wir nicht von den Männern, Frauen in Eritrea, Horleman Verlag, Bad Honnef.
1998
Machterhalt und Demokratie in Eritrea, in: Aus Politik und Zeitgeschichte, 21, S.16-26.

Clapham, Christopher

1995a
The Horn of Africa, A conflict zone, in: Furley, Oliver (ed.): Conflict in Africa, Tauris Academic Publishers, London, S.72-91.
1995b
Ethiopia and Eritrea, The politics of post-insurgency, in: Wiseman, John (ed.): Democracy and political change in Sub-Saharan Africa, Routledge, London, S.116-136.
1996
Boundary and territory in the Horn of Africa, in: Nugent, Paul / Asiwaju, A.I. (eds.): African boundaries, Barriers, conduits and opportunities, Pinter Press, London, S.237-249.

Cliffe, Lionel

1989
The impact of war and the response to it in different agrarian systems in Eritrea, in: Development and Change, vol. 20, S.373-400.
1994
The impact of war on food security in Eritrea, Prospects and recovery, in: Macrae, Joanna / Zwi, Anthony (eds.): War and hunger, rethinking international response to complex emergencies, Zed Books, London, S.160-179.
1999
Regional dimensions of conflict in the Horn of Africa, in: Third World Quarterly, vol. 20, no. 1, S.89-111.

Cliffe, Lionel / Davidson, Basil (eds.)

1988
The long struggle of Eritrea for independence and constructive peace, The Red Sea Press, Trenton.

Colijn, Inge

1990
Eritrean refugee women in eastern Sudan: Changes in roles and responsibilities, and the consequences, in: VENA Newsletter vol. 2, no. 2, S.23-27.

Connell, Dan

1993
Against all odds, A chronicle of the Eritrean revolution, The Red Sea Press, Lawrenceville.
1997
After the shooting stops, Revolution in post-war Eritrea, in: Race and Class, 38, S.57-78.
1999
Strategies for change, Women and politics in Eritrea and South Africa, in. Fox, Diana / Hasci, Naima (eds.): The challenges of women’s activism and human rights in Africa, Edwin Mellen Press, Lewiston, S.214-248.
2005a
Eritrea, On a slow fuse, in: Rotberg, Robert (ed.): Battling terrorism in the Horn of Africa, Publications of the Brookings Institution Press, Washington D.C., S.64-92.
2005b
Redeming the failed promise of democracy in Eritrea, in: Race and Class, vol. 46, no. 4, S.68-89.

Conrad, Bettina

2006
Out of the ‘memory hole’, Alternative narratives of the Eritrean revolution in the diaspora, in: Africa Spectrum, 41, 2, S.249-271.

Cowan, Nicole

1984
Women in Eritrea, An eye-witness account, in: Review of African Political Economy, no. 27-28, S.143-152.

Davidson, Basil / Cliffe, Lionell (eds.)

1988
Eritrea, The long road to independence, The Red Sea Press, Lawrenceville.

Dines, Mary

1988
Ethiopian violations of human rights in Eritrea, in: Cliffe, Lionel / Davidson, Basil (esd.): The long struggle of Eritrea for independence and constructive peace, The Red Sea Press, Trenton, S.139-162.

Doornbos, Martin / Tesfai, Alemseged (eds.)

1999
Post-conflict Eritrea, Prospects for reconstruction and development, The Red Sea Press, Lawrenceville.

Doornboos, Martin / Cliffe, Lionel et al.

1992
Beyond conflict in the Horn, Prospects for peace, recovery and development in Ethiopia, Somalia and the Sudan, The Red Sea Press, Lawrenceville.

Dorman, Sara Rich

2005
Past the Kalashnikov, Youth, politics and the state in Eritrea, in: Abbink, Jon / van Kessel, Ineke (eds.): Vanguards or vandals, Youth, politics and conflict in Africa, Brill Publishers, Leiden, S.189-222.

Eikenberg, K.

1995
Nachkriegsentwicklungen am Horn von Afrika, Eritrea, Äthiopien und Somaliland, in: Matthies, Volker (Hg.): Vom Krieg zum Frieden, Kriegsbeendigung und Friedenskonsolidierung, Edition Temmen, Bremen, S.249-279.

Elliesie, Hatem

2008
Dezentralisierung des Hochschulwesens in Eritrea, Militärische Grundausbildung als conditio sine qua non für höhere Bildung? – eine bedenkliche Entwicklung!, in: Afrika Spectrum, 43, 1, S.115-120.

Entner, Michaela

2001
Der eriträisch-äthiopische Krieg, Freiburg i.Br.

Farwell, Nancy

2001
‘Onward through strength’, Coping and psychosocial support among refugee youth returning to Eritrea from Sudan, in: Journal of Refugee Studies, vol. 14, S.43-69.

Favali, Lyda / Pateman, Roy

2003
Blood, land, and sex, Legal and political pluralism in Eritrea, Indiana University Press, Bloomington.

Firebrace, J. / Holland, S.

1985
Never kneel down, Drought, development and liberation in Eritrea, Red Sea Press, Trenton.

Frankland, Erich / Noble, Tammy

1996
A casee of national liberation with feminist undertones, The secession of Eritrea, in: Small Arms and Insurgencies, vol. 7, S.401-424.

Fukui, Katsuyoshi / Markakis, John (eds.)

1994
Ethnicity and conflict in the Horn of Africa, James Currey, London.

Fullerton-Joireman, S.

1996
The minefield of land reform, Comments on the Eritrean land proclamation, in: African Affairs, vol. 95, S.269-285.

Garcetti, Eric / Gruber, Janet

2000
The post-war nation, Rethinking the triple transition in Eritrea, in: Pugh, Michael (ed.): Regeneration of war-torn societies, St. Martin’s Press, New York, S.215-237.

Gebremedhin, Jordan

1989
Peasants and nationalism in Eritrea, A critique of Ethiopian Studies, The Red Sea Press, Trenton.

Gebremedhin, Tesfa

2002
Women, tradition and development, The Eritrean case, The Red Sea Press, Trenton.

Gottesman, L.

1998
To fight and learn, The praxis and promise of literacy in Eritrea’s independence war, Red Sea Press, Lawrenceville.

Gray, Christine

2006
The Eritrea/Ethiopia claims commission oversteps its boundaries, A partial award? in: European Journal of International Law, 17, 4, S.699-721.

Green, C. / Baden, S.

1994
Gender profile of the state of Eritea, Briefings on Development and Gender, Bridge, 22, Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex, Brighton.

Gruber, J.

2005
Silent survivors of sexual violence in conflict and implications for HIV mitigation, Experiences from Eritrea, in: African Journal of AIDS Research, 4, 2.

Hale, Sondra

2000
The soldier and the state, Post-Liberation women: The case of Eritrea, in: Waller, Marguerite / Rycenga, Jennifer (eds.): Frontline feminsms, women, war and resistance, Garland Publishing, New York, S.349-370.
2001
Liberated but not free, Women in post-conflict Eritrea, in: Meintjes, Sheila / Pillay, Anu / Turshen, Meredeth (eds.): The aftermath, Women in post-conflict transformation, Zed Books, London, S.122-141.

Hartmann, Rainer / Meier, Thorsten

1999
Ohne Rücksicht auf Verluste, Der Krieg zwischen Äthiopien und Eritrea droht beide Länder zu ruinieren, in: Der Überblick, 35. Jg., 1, S.80-82.

Hedru, Debessay

2003
Eritrea, Transition to dictatorship, 1991-2003, in: Review of African Political Economy, 97, S.435-444.

Hirt, Nicole

2001
Eritrea zwischen Krieg und Frieden, Die Entwicklung seit der Unabhängigkeit, Hamburger Beiträge zur Afrika-Kunde, Institut für Afrika-Kunde, Hamburg.

Iliffe, John

2005
Honour in African history, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

International Crisis Group

2005
Ethiopia and Eritrea, Preventing war, Africa Report no. 101, Publication of the International Crisis Group, Brussels/New York.

Israel, Mark / Lyons, Tanya / Mason, C.

2002
Women, resistance and Africa: Armed struggles in Zimbabwe, South Africa and Eritrea, in: Humanity and Society, vol. 26, no. 3, S.196-213.

Iyob, Ruth

1997
The Eritrean experiment, A cautious pragmatism, in: Journal of Modern African Studies, vol. 35, S.647-673.
2000
The Ethiopian-Eritrean conflict, Diasporic versus hegemonic states in the Horn of Africa, 1991-2000, in: Journal of Modern African Studies, vol. 38, no. 4, S.659-682.
2004
The Eritrean struggle for independence, Domination, resistance, nationalism, 1941-1993, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Jacquin-Berdal, Dominique (ed.)

2005
Unfinished business, Ethiopia and Eritrea at war, The Red Sea Press, Lawrenceville.

Jacquin-Berdal, Dominique / Mengistu, Aida

2006
Nationalism and identity in Ethiopia and Eritrea, Building multi-ethnic states, in: Bekoe, Dorina (ed.): East Africa and the Horn, Confronting challenges to good governance, Lynne Rienner Publishers, Boulder, S.81-100.

Kemink, Friederike

1991
Die Tegrenna-Frauen in Eritrea, Eine Untersuchung der Kodizes des Gewohnheitsrechtes 1890-1941, Steiner Verlag, Wiesbaden.

Kibreab, Gaim

1987
Refugees and development in Africa, The Eritrean case, The Red Sea Press, Lawrenceville.
1995
Eritrean women refugees in Khartoum, Sudan, 1970-1990, in: Journal of Refugee Studies, vol. 8, no. 1, S.1-25.
1996a
Left in limbo, Prospects for repatriation of Eritrean refugess from the Sudan and response of the international donor community, in: Allen, Tim (ed.): In search for cool ground, War, flight and homecoming in Northeast Africa, James Currey, London, S.53-65.
1996b
Eritrean and Ethiopian refugees in Khartoum, What the eye refuses to see, in: African Studies Review, vol. 39, no. 3, S.131-178.
2002
When refugees come home, The relationship between stayees and returnees in post-conflict Eritrea, in. Journal of Contemporary African Studies, vol. 20, no. 1, S.53-80.
2003
Rethinking household headship among Eritrean refugees and returnees, in: Development and Change, vol. 34, no. 2, S.311-337.
2008
Critical reflections on the Eritrean war of independence, Red Sea Press, Lawrenceville.

Klein, Axel

1998
Why? The Eritrean-Ethiopian conflict, in: Review of African Political Economy, vol. 25, no. 77, S.508-526.

Klingebiel, Stephan / Gärke, Inge / Kreidler, Corinna et al.

1995
Promoting the reintegration of former female and male combatants in Eritrea, Possible contributions of development co-operation to the reintegration programme, Deutsches Institut für Entwicklungspolitik, Reports and Working Papers, 6, Bonn.

Koenig, Angela

1990
Überleben in Gewaltverhältnissen, Zur Situation eritreischer und äthiopischer Flüchtlingsfrauen, in: Donner-Reichle, Carola / Klemp, Ludgera (Hrsg.): Frauenwort für Menschenrechte, Breitenbach Verlag, Saarbrücken, S.141-169.

Kurimoto, E. / Simonse, S. (eds.)

1998
Conflict, age and power in North East Africa, James Currey, London.

LaDuke, Betty

1997
Eritrea: Artisits/fighters with new visions, in: LaDuke, Betty. Africa: Women's art, Women lives, Africa World Press, Trenton, S.147-187.

Lata, Leenco

2003
The Ethiopia-Eritrea war, in: Boulden, Jane (ed.): Dealing with conflict in Africa, The United Nations and regional organizations, Palgrave, New York, S.153-184.

Leisure, Susan

1999
Exchanging participation for promises: Mobilization of women in Eritrea, in: Bystydzienski, Jill M. and Sekhon, Joti (eds.): Democratization and women’s grassroots movements, Indiana University Press, Bloomington, S.95-109.

Locher-Tschofen, Doris

1990
Die eritreischen Frauen, Zärtlichkeit im Überlebenskampf, in: Furrer-Kreski, Elisabeth et al. (Hg.): Handbuch Eritrea, Geschichte und Gegenwart eines Konfliktes, Rio Verlag, Zürich, S.69-98.

Luckham, R.

2002
Radical soldiers, new model armies and the nation-state in Ethiopia and Eritrea, in: Koonings, K. / Kruijt, D. (eds.): Political armies, The military and nation building in the age of democracy, Zed Books, London, S.238-269.

Lyons, Terrence

1996
The international context of internal war, Ethiopia/Eritera, in: Keller, Edmond / Rothchild, Donald (eds.): Africa in the new international order, Rethinking state sovereignty and regional security, Lynne Rienner Publishers, Boulder, S.85-99.

MacKay, Angela

2005
Mainstreaming gender in United Nations peacekeeping training, Examples from East Timor, Ethiopia, and Eritrea, in: Mazurana, Dyan E. / Raven-Roberts, Angela / Parpart, Jane L. (eds.): Gender, conflict and peacekeeping, Rowman and Littlefield, Lanham, S.265-279.

Mama, Amina

1992
The need for gender analysis, A comment on the prospects for peace, recovery and development in the Horn of Africa, in: Doornbos, M. / Cliffe, L. / Ahmed, A.G.M. / Markakis, J. (eds.): Beyond conflict in the Horn, Africa World Press, Trenton, S.72-78.

Markakis, John (ed.):

1993
Conflict and decline of pastoralism in the Horn of Africa, MacMillan Publishers, Houndsmills, Basingstoke.

Marcus, R.

1995
Eritrea, in: Bryne, B. / Marcus, R. / Power-Stevens, T. (eds.): Gender, conflict and development, Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex, Brighton, S.128-148.

Marx, Christoph

2004
Geschichte Afrikas, Von 1800 bis zur Gegenwart, Schönigh Verlag, Paderborn.

Mason, Christine

2001
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Auto/Biographien

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