Burundi
Literature on Gender
Daley, Patricia
1991
Gender, displacement and reproduction, Settling Burundi refugees in Western Tanzania, in: Journal of Refugee Studies, vol. 4, no. 3, S.148-166.
Femmes Africa Solidarité (FAS)
2001
Engendering the peace process in Burundi, FAS Publication, Geneva.
Human Rights Watch
2000
Seeking protection, Addressing sexual and domestic violence in Tanzania’s refugee camps, Human Rights Watch, New York.
2003
Everyday victims, Civilians in the Burundian war, Human Rights Watch Publications, vol. 15, no. 20 (A), New York.
2006
A long way from home, FNL child soldiers in Burundi, Human Rights Watch Publications, no. 3, New York.
Idriss, Shamil
2000
Who can prevent genocide? Ask the women of Burundi, in: Agenda, no. 43, S.57-62.
IRIN
2004
Web special on violence against women and girls during and after conflict, IRIN News, New York.
ISIS-WICCE
2005
African women’s unique peace initiatives, ISIS-WICCE Publications, Kampala.
Jackson, Dorothey
2003
Twa women, Twa rights in the Great Lakes Region of Africa, Minority Rights Group International, Report, 4, London.
Jooma, Bibi Mariam
2005
“We can’t eat the constitution”, Transformation and socio-economic reconstruction in Burundi, Institute of Security Studies, ISS, Working Paper no. 106, Pretoria.
Nkuuhe, Jessica
2005
Nurturers of peace, Sustainers of Africa, Selected women’s peace initiatives, ISIS Publication, Kampala.
Puechgirbal, Nadine
2004
Involving women in peace process, Lessons from four African countries (Burundi, DRC, Liberia and Sierra Leone, in: Karamé, Kari (ed.): Gender and peacebuilding in Africa, Training for Peace Programme, Norsk Utenrikspolitisk Institutt, Oslo, S.47-66.
Rackley, Edward
2005
The impact of small arms and armed violence on women, UNDP-SARP, GRIP Report, no. 3, GRIP, Bruxelles.
Sabimbona, Sabine
2001
The problem of displaced and returnee women faced with current land tenure politics in Burundi,: Buregeya, Alfred / Gorling, Marguerite et al. (eds.): Women’s land and property rights in situations of conflicts and reconstruction, Unifem Publications, New York, S.69-81.
Schafer, Loveness
2002
True survivors, East African women refugees, in: Africa Today, vol. 49, no. 2, S.29-48.
Sommers, Marc
2001a
Young, male and pentecostal, Urban refugees in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, in: Journal of Refugee Studies, vol. 14, S.347-370.
Sow, Ndeye
2005
Gender and conflict, Transformation in the Great Lakes Region of Africa, International Alert, IA-Report, London.
Stensrud, Ellen / Husby, Gorill
2005
Resolution 1325, From rhetoric to practice, A report on women`s role in reconciliation process in the Great Lakes of Africa, PRIO Report, Oslo.
Turner, Simon
1999
Angry yound men in camps, Gender, age and class relations among Burundian refugees in Tanzania, New issues in Refugee Research, Working Paper, no. 9, UNHCR, Geneva.
2004
Under the gaze of the ‘big nations’, Refugees, rumours and the international community in Tanzania, in: African Affairs, 103, S.227-247.
UNIFEM
2001
Engendering peace, Reflections on the Burundi peace process, Unifem Publications, New York.
Women’s Commission for Refugee Women and Children
2001
Out of sight, out of mind, Conflict and displacement in Burundi, Research Report, Women’s Commission for Refugee Women and Children, New York.
2002
Watch list on children and armed conflict, Women’s Commission on Refugee Women and Children, New York.
Zicherman, Nona
2007
Adressing sexual violence in post-conflict Burundi, in: Forced Migration Review, vol. 27, S.48-49.
Background Information
Alusala, Nelson
2005
Disarmament and the transition in Burundi, How soon?, Institute of Security Studies, ISS, Working Paper no. 97, Pretoria.
Amnesty International
2004a
Child soldiers, the challenge for demobilisation, AI Index AFR 16/011/2004, London.
2004b
Rape – The hidden human rights abuse, AI Index AFR 16/006/2004, London.
2004c
Burundi, A critical time, Human rights briefings on Burundi, AI Index, AFR 16/002/2004, London.
2005a
Refugees at risk, Human rights abuses in return to and from Burundi, Amnesty International Report, London.
2005b
Burundi, Government should make human rights provisions in the new Constitution a reality, AI Index AFR 16/003/2005, London.
Anderson, Mary
1999
Do not harm, How AID can support peace – or war, Lynne Rienner Publishers, Boulder.
Bentley, Kristina
2004
Conflict in Burundi, Implications for Development, in: Journal of Peacebuilding and Development, 1, 3, S.71-76.
Boshoff, Henri
2006
Disarmamant, demobilisation and reintegration during the transition in Burundi, A success story? in: Southall, Roger (ed.): South Africa’s role in conflict resolution and peacemaking in Africa, HSRC Press, Pretoria, S.135-150.
Brachet, Juana / Wolpe, Howard
2005
Conflict-sensitive development assistance, The case of Burundi, Social Development Papers, Paper no. 27, World Bank Publications, Washington D.C.
Braeckman, Colette
1996
Keine Chance für die Gemäßigten? Burundi droht in einem Bürgerkrieg der Hutu- und Tutsi-Extremisten zu versinken, in: Der Überblick, 1, S.44-46.
Chrétien, Jean-Pierre
2003
The Great Lakes of Africa, Two thousand years of history, Zone Books, New York.
Daley, Patricia
1991
Gender, displacement and reproduction, Settling Burundi refugees in Western Tanzania, in: Journal of Refugee Studies, vol. 4, no. 3, S.148-166.
2001
Population displacement and the humanitarian aid regime, The experience of refugees in East Africa, in: De Bruijn, Mirjam / van Dijk, Rijk / Foeken, Dick (eds.): Mobile Africa, Changing patterns of movement in Africa and beyond, Brill Publishers, Leiden, S.195-212.
2007
The Burundi peace negotiations: An African experience of peace-making: in Review of African Political Economy, vol. 43, no. 112, S.332-352.
De Reu, Stijn
2005
The impact of international NGOs and civil society organisations on the peace process in Burundi, in: Journal of International Humanitarian Assistance, April 2005.
Doxtader, Erik / Mosomothane, Yeki
2003
Burundi, Permanent deadlock or tentative peace?, in: Doxtader, Erik / Villa-Vicencio, Charles (eds.): Through fire and water, The roots of division and the potential for reconciliation in Africa, David Philip/New Africa Books, Cape Town, S.65-88.
Femmes Africa Solidarité (FAS)
2001
Engendering the peace process in Burundi, FAS Publication, Geneva.
Frey, Waldemar / Boshoff, Henri
2005
Burundi’s DDR and the consolidation of peace, ISS, African Security Review, vol. 14, no. 4, Institute of Security Studies, Pretoria.
Fuhlrott, Friederike
2007
Burundi after the civil war, Demobilising and re-integrating ex-combatans, in: Afrika Spectrum, 42, 2, S.323-333.
Furley, Oliver
1998
Rwanda and Burundi, Peacekeeping admist massacres, in: Furley, Oliver / May, Roy (eds.): Peacekeeping in Africa, Ashgate Publishers, Aldershot, S.239-262.
Gahama, Joseph / Makoroka, S. et al.
1999
Burundi, in: Adedeji, Adebayo (ed.): Comprehending and mastering African conflicts, The search for sustainable peace and good governance, Zed Books, London, S.80-103.
Human Rights Watch
2000
Seeking protection, Addressing sexual and domestic violence in Tanzania’s refugee camps, Human Rights Watch, New York.
2003
Everyday victims, Civilians in the Burundian war, Human Rights Watch Publications, vol. 15, no. 20 (A), New York.
2006
A long way from home, FNL child soldiers in Burundi, Human Rights Watch Publications, no. 3, New York.
Idriss, Shamil
2000
Who can prevent genocide? Ask the women of Burundi, in: Agenda, no. 43, S.57-62.
International Crisis Group
2006
Burundi, Democracy and peace at risk, Africa Report no. 120, Publication of the International Crisis Group, Brussels/Nairobi/New York.
IRIN
2004
Web special on violence against women and girls during and after conflict, IRIN News, New York.
ISIS-WICCE
2005
African women’s unique peace initiatives, ISIS-WICCE Publications, Kampala.
Jackson, Dorothey
2003
Twa women, Twa rights in the Great Lakes Region of Africa, Minority Rights Group International, Report, 4, London.
Jooma, Bibi Mariam
2005
“We can’t eat the constitution”, Transformation and socio-economic reconstruction in Burundi, Institute of Security Studies, ISS, Working Paper no. 106, Pretoria.
Kabema, Claude
2006
South Africa and the DRC, Is a stable and development state possible in the Congo? in: Southall, Roger (ed.): South Africa’s role in conflict resolution and peacemaking in Africa, HSRC Press, Pretoria, S.151-171.
Kadende-Kaiser, R. / Kaiser, P.J.
1998
Identity, citizenship and transnationalism, Ismailis in Tanzania and Burundians in the Diaspora, in: Africa Today, vol. 45, no. 3-4, S.461-480.
Kerr, Samantha
2006
Steps towards peace, Burundi’s 2006 ceasefire agreement, in: Conflict Trends, 4, S.42-45.
Khadiagala, Gilbert
2003
Burundi, in: Boulden, Jane (ed.): Dealing with conflict in Africa, The United Nations and regional organizations, Palgrave, New York, S.215-252.
Kimonyo, Jean-Paul / Ntiranyibagira, Damase
2007
Reform of the coffee sector in Burundi: Prospects for participation, prosperity and peace, International Alert, London.
Laely, Thomas
1996
Die burundische Dimension des Hutu-Tutsi-Konfliktes, in: Blätter für deutsche und internationale Politik, 12, S.1499-1510.
1997
Peasants, local communities and central power in Burundi, in: Journal of Modern African Studies, vol. 35, no. 4, S.695-716.
Lebrun, Christine / Derderian, Katherine
2007
Creating safe places, Lessons from South Africa and Burundi, in: Forced Migration Review, vol. 27, S.50-51.
Lemarchand, René
1990
Burundi, Ethnicity and the genocidal state, in: Van den Berghe, Pierre (ed.): State, violence and ethnicity, University of Colorado Press, Niwot/Colorado, S.89-111.
1994
Burundi, Ethnocide as discourse and practice, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
1997
Patterns of state collapse and reconstruction in Central Africa, Reflections on the crisis in the Great Lakes, in: African Studies Quarterly, 3, S.1-19.
1998
Genocide in the Great Lakes, Which genocide? Whose genocide? in: African Studies Review, vol. 41, no. 1, S.3-16.
2002
Burundi, Ethnic conflict and genocide, Woodrow Wilson Centre Press, Washington D.C.
2004
The Burundi genocide, in: Totten, Samuel / Parsons, William / Charney,Israel (eds.): A century of genocide, Essays and eyewitness accounts, Routledge, London, S.321-339.
2005
Churches and social upheaval in Rwanda and Burundi, Explaining failures to oppose ethnic violence, in: Kastfelt, Niels (ed.): Religion and African civil wars, Hurst and Company, London, S.82-101.
2006a
Burundi at a crossroads, in: Khadiagala, Gilbert (ed.): Security dynamics in Africa’s Great Lakes Region, Lynne Rienner, Boulder, S.41-58.
2006b
Burundi’s endangered transition, FAST country risk profile Burundi, Working Paper, no. 3, Swiss Peace Foundation, Berne.
2007
Consociationalism and power sharing in Africa, Rwanda, Burundi, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, in: African Affairs, 106, 422, S.1-20.
Longman, Timothy
1998
Proxy targets, Civilians and civil wars in Burundi, Human Rights Watch Publications, New York.
2005
Churches and social upheaval in Rwanda and Burundi, Explaining failures to oppose ethnic violence, in: Kastfelt, Niels (ed.): Religion and African civil wars, Hurst and Company, London, S.82-101.
Malkki, Liisa
1995
Purity and exile, Violence, memory and national cosmology among Hutu refugees in Tanzania, University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
1996
Speechless emissaries, Refugees, humanitarianism, and dehistoricization, in: Cultural Anthropology, vol. 11, no. 3, S.377-404.
Medard, Henri / Doyle, Shane (eds.)
2007
Slavery in the Great Lakes region of East Africa, James Currey, Oxford.
Mehler, Andreas
1995
Burundi vor einem weiteren Genozid? Zum Hintergrund der politischen Krise, IAK Diskussionsbeiträge 3, Institut für Afrika-Kunde, Hamburg.
1999
Der Völkermord in Rwanda und Burundi, in: Imbusch, Peter / Zoll, Rolf (Hrsg.): Friedens- und Konfliktforschung, eine Einführung mit Quellen, Leske und Budrich Verlag, Opladen, S.195-218.
Mbonerane, Albert
1996
Staatsstreich in Burundi vom 25.7.1996, Ursachen und Folgen, in: Internationales Afrikaforum, 33, S.57-68.
Misago, Alois
1996
Verbrecher im Dienst der burundischen Armee, Tutsi-Milizen verbreiten ein Klima der Angst, in: Der Überblick, 1, S.47-49.
Mogire, Edward
2006
Preventing or abetting, Refugee militarization in Tanzania, in: Muggah, Robert (ed.): No refuge, The crisis of refugee militarization in Africa, Zed Books, London, S.137-179.
Nduna, S. / Goodyear, L.
1997
Pain to deep for tears, Addressing the prevalence of sexual and gender violence among Burundian refugees in Tanzania, International Rescue Committee, New York.
Nestor, Bidadanure
2005
Peace process in Burundi, in: Africa Conflict, Peace and Governance Monitor, ACDESS, Ibadan.
Ndikumana, Léonce
1998
Institutional failure and ethnic conflict in Burundi, in: African Studies Review, vol. 41, no. 1, S.29-47.
2000
Towards a solution to violence in Burundi, A case for political and economic liberation, in: Journal of Modern African Studies, vol. 28, no. 3, S.431-459.
Ngaruko, Floribert / Nkurunziza, Janvier
2000
An economic interpretation of conflict in Burundi, in: Journal of African Economies, vol. 9, no. 3, S.370-409.
2005
Civil war and its duration in Burundi, in: Collier, Paul / Sambanis, Nicholas (eds.): Understanding civil war, Evidence and analysis, vol. 1, Africa, World Bank Publications, Washington D.C, S.35-61.
Nkuuhe, Jessica
2005
Nurturers of peace, Sustainers of Africa, Selected women’s peace initiatives, ISIS Publication, Kampala.
Ntampaka, Charles
1999
Reconciling the sources of law in the Burundi Code of Persons and the family, in: International Survey of Family Law, 1999, S.65-77.
Pendergast, John / Smock, David
1999
Postgenocial reconstruction, Building peace in Rwanda and Burundi, US-Institute of Peace, Washington D.C.
Peterson, Dave
2006
Burundi’s transition, A beacon for central Africa, in: Journal of Democracy, vol. 17, no. 1, S.125-138.
Puechgirbal, Nadine
2004
Involving women in peace process, Lessons from four African countries (Burundi, DRC, Liberia and Sierra Leone, in: Karamé, Kari (ed.): Gender and peacebuilding in Africa, Training for Peace Programme, Norsk Utenrikspolitisk Institutt, Oslo, S.47-66.
Reyntjens, Filip
2006
Briefing: Burundi, A peaceful transition after a decade of war? in: African Affairs, 105/418, S.117-135.
Rackley, Edward
2005
The impact of small arms and armed violence on women, UNDP-SARP, GRIP Report, no. 3, GRIP, Bruxelles.
Robbert, Jens
1993
Familienrecht in Burundi, Von der traditionellen Familienordnung zum Familiengesetzbuch, Lit-Verlag, Münster.
Rutta, Edmund / Williams,Holly
2005
Refugee perceptions of the quality of healthcare: Findings from a participatory assessment in Ngara, Tanzania, in: Disasters, 29, 4, S.291–309.
Sabimbona, Sabine
2001
The problem of displaced and returnee women faced with current land tenure politics in Burundi,: Buregeya, Alfred / Gorling, Marguerite et al. (eds.): Women’s land and property rights in situations of conflicts and reconstruction, Unifem Publications, New York, S.69-81.
Schafer, Loveness
2002
True survivors, East African women refugees, in: Africa Today, vol. 49, no. 2, S.29-48.
Scherrer, Christian
1997
Ethnisierung und Völkermord in Rwanda, Bürgerkrieg in Burundi und die Rolle der Weltgemeinschaft, Campus Verlag, Frankfurt a.M.
Sollom, Richard / Kew, Darren
1996
Humanitarian assistance and conflict prevention in Burundi, in: Rotberg, Robert (ed.): Vigilance and vengeance, NGOs preventing ethnic conflict in divided societies, Brookings Institution Press, Washington D.C., S.235-262.
Sommers, Marc
2001a
Young, male and pentecostal, Urban refugees in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, in: Journal of Refugee Studies, vol. 14, S.347-370.
2001b
Fear in Bongoland, Burundi refugees in urban Tanzania, Berghahn Books, New York.
Southall, Roger
2006
A long prelude to peace, South Africa’s involvement in ending Burundi’s war, in: Southall, Roger (ed.): South Africa’s role in conflict resolution and peacemaking in Africa, HSRC Press, Pretoria, S.105-133.
Sow, Ndeye
2005
Gender and conflict, Transformation in the Great Lakes Region of Africa, International Alert, IA-Report, London.
Stensrud, Ellen / Husby, Gorill
2005
Resolution 1325, From rhetoric to practice, A report on women`s role in reconciliation process in the Great Lakes of Africa, PRIO Report, Oslo
Sullivan, Daniel
2005
The missing pillars, A look at the failure of peace in Burundi through the lens of Arend Lijphart’s consociational democracy, in: Journal of Modern African Studies, vol. 43, no. 1, S.75-95.
Summit Oketch, Johnstone / Polzer, Tara
2002
Conflict and coffee in Burundi, in: Lind, Jeremy / Sturman, Kathry (eds.): Scarity and surfeit, The ecology of African conflicts, ISS, Pretoria, S.84-156.
Turner, Simon
1999
Angry young men in camps, Gender, age and class relations among Burundian refugees in Tanzania, New issues in Refugee Research, Working Paper, no. 9, UNHCR, Geneva. (und in: Essed, P. / Frerks, G. / Schrivjers, J. (eds.): Refugees and the transformation of societies, Agencies, policies, ethics and politics, Berghahn Books, Oxford, S.94-105.)
2004
Under the gaze of the ‘big nations’, Refugees, rumours and the international community in Tanzania, in: African Affairs, 103, S.227-247.
UNIFEM
2001
Engendering peace, Reflections on the Burundi peace process, Unifem Publications, New York.
United Nations Security Council
1996
International Commission of Inquiry for Burundi, Final Report, United Nations Security Council, S/1996/682, United Nations, New York.
United States Committee for Refugees
1998
Burundi, A patchwork of displacement, in: Cohen, Roberta / Deng, Frances (eds.): The forsaken people, Case studies of the internally displaced, Brookings Institution Press, Washington D.C., S.14-56.
Uvin, Peter
2002
On counting, categorizing, and violence in Burundi and Rwanda, in: Kertzer, David / Arel, Dominique (eds.): Census and identity, The politics of race, ethnicity and language in national censuses, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, S.148-175.
Villa-Vicencio, Charles / Nantulya, P. /Savage, T. (eds.)
2007
Building nations, Transitional justice in the African Great Lakes Region, Institute for Justice and Reconciliation, Cape Town.
Weilenmann, Markus
1997
Burundi-Konflikt und Rechtskonflikt eine rechtsethnologische Studie zur Konfliktregelung der Gerichte, Brandes und Apsel Verlag, Frankfurt a.M.
Weissman, Stephen
1998
Preventing genocide in Burundi, Lessons from internatinal diplomacy, United States Institute of Peace, Peaceworks, no. 22, Washington D.C.
Williams, Paul
2006
The African Union, Prospects for regional peace keeping after Burundi and Sudan, in: Review of African Political Economy, no. 108, S.352-357.
Wohlgemuth, Lennart
2005
NGO and conflict in Burundi, A case study, in: Africa Development, 30, 1-2, S.183-209.
Women’s Commission for Refugee Women and Children
2001
Out of sight, out of mind, Conflict and displacement in Burundi, Research Report, Women’s Commission for Refugee Women and Children, New York.
2002
Watch list on children and armed conflict, Women’s Commission on Refugee Women and Children, New York.
Zicherman, Nona
2007
Adressing sexual violence in post-conflict Burundi, in: Forced Migration Review, vol. 27, S.48-49.