Eritrea
Literature on Gender
Bailliet, Cecilia
2007
Examining sexual violence in the military within the context of Eritrean asylum claims presented in Norway, in: International Journal of Refugee Law, 19, S.471-510.
Berhe, T.
2005
War and prevalence, Evidence from Tigray, Ethiopia, in: African Security Review, vol. 14, no. 3, S.107-114.
Blanc, Ann
2004
The role of conflict in the rapid fertility decline in Eritrea and prospects for the future, in: Studies in Family Planning, vol. 353, pp. 236-245.
Bruchhaus, Eva-Maria / Mehreteab, Amanuel
2000
`Leaving the warm house´, The impact of demobilisation in Eritrea, in: Kingma, Kees (ed.): Demobilisation in Sub-Saharan Africa, The development and security impacts, MacMillan Publishers, Houndsmills, Basingstoke, S.95-131.
Burgess, Doris
1989
Women and war: Eritrea, in: Review of African Political Economy, no. 45/46, S.126-132.
Campbell, Patricia
2005
Gender and post-conflict civil society in Eritrea, in: International Feminist Journal of Politics, vol. 7, pp. 377-399.
Christman, Stefanie
1996
Die Freiheit haben wir nicht von den Männern, Frauen in Eritrea, Horleman Verlag, Bad Honnef.
Colijn, Inge
1990
Eritrean refugee women in eastern Sudan: Changes in roles and responsibilities, and the consequences, in: VENA Newsletter vol. 2, no. 2, pp.23-27.
Cowan, Nicole Ann
1984
Women in Eritea, An eye-witness account, in: Review of African Political Economy, no. 27-28, S.143-152.
1984
Women’s movement in Eritrea, in: Review of African Political Economy, no. 27-38, S.152-155.
Eikenberg, Kathrin
1985
Frauen in Eritrea, Zur Frauenpolitik der EPLF, Institut für Afrika-Kunde, Hamburg.
Hale, Sondra
2001
Liberated but not free, Women in post-conflict Eritrea, in: Meintjes, Sheila / Pillay, Anu / Turshen, Meredeth (eds.): The aftermath, Women in post-conflict transformation, Zed Books, London, S.122-141.
2001
The soldier and the state, Post-Liberation women: The case of Eritrea, in: Waller, Marguerite / Rycenga, Jennifer (eds.): Frontline feminsms, women, war and resistance, Garland Publishing, New York.
Israel, Mark / Lyons, Tanya / Mason, C.
2002
Women, resistance and Africa: Armed struggles in Zimbabwe, South Africa and Eritrea, in: Humanity and Society, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 196-213.
Kibreab, Gaim
1995
Eritrean women refugees in Khartoum, Sudan, 1970-1990, in: Journal of Refugee Studies, vol. 8, no. 1, S.1-25.
2003
Rethinking household headship among Eritrean refugees and returnees, in: Development and Change, vol. 34, no. 2, S.311-337.
Klingebiel, Stephan / Gärke, Inge / Kreidler, Corinna et al.
1995
Promoting the reintegration of former female and male combatants in Eritrea, Possible contributions of development co-operation to the reintegration programme, Deutsches Institut für Entwicklungspolitik, Reports and Working Papers, 6, Bonn.
Koenig, Angela
1990
Überleben in Gewaltverhältnissen, Zur Situation eritreischer und äthiopischer Flüchtlingsfrauen, in: Donner-Reichle, Carola / Klemp, Ludgera (Hrsg.): Frauenwort für Menschenrechte, Breitenbach Verlag, Saarbrücken, S.141-169.
LaDuke, Betty
1997
Eritrea: Artisits/fighters with new visions, in: LaDuke, Betty. Africa: Women's art, Women lives, Africa World Press, Trenton, pp. 147-187.
Leisure, Susan
1999
Exchanging participation for promises: Mobilization of women in Eritrea, in: Bystydzienski, Jill M. and Sekhon, Joti (eds.): Democratization and women's Grassroots movements, Indiana University Press, Bloomington, S.95-109.
Lindstrom, D. / Berhanu, Betemariam
1999
The impact of war, famine and economic decline on marital fertility in Ethiopia, in: Demography, vol. 36, no. 2, S.247-326.
Lochen-Tschhofen, Doris
1989
Die eritreischen Frauen, Zärtlichkeit im Überlebenskampf, in: Furrer-Kreski, Elisabeth et al. (Hg.): Handbuch Eritrea, Geschichte und Gegenwart eines Konfliktes, Zürich, S.69-98.
MacKay, Angela
2005
Mainstreaming gender in United Nations peacekeeping training, Examples from East Timor, Ethiopia, and Eritrea, in: Mazurana, Dyan E. / Raven-Roberts, Angela / Parpart, Jane L. (eds.): Gender, conflict and peacekeeping, Rowman and Littlefield, Lanham, S.265-279.
Mama, Amina
1992
The need for gender analysis, A comment on the prospects for peace, recovery and development in the Horn of Africa, in: Doornbos, M. / Cliffe, L. / Ahmed, A.G.M. / Markakis, J. (eds.): Beyond conflict in the horn, Africa World Press, Trenton, S.72-78.
Mariam, Yeshi
1994
Ethiopian women in the period of socialist transformation, in: Economic and Political Weekly, vol. 29, pp. WS57-62.
Mason, Christine
2001
Gender, nationalism and revolution: Reassessing women's relationships with the Eritrean Liberation Front, Working Paper no. 274, Women and International Development, Michigan State University, East Lansing.
Matsuoka, Atsuko / Sorenson, John
1999
Eritrean Canadian refugee households as sites of gender renegotiation, in: Indra, D. (ed.): Engendering forced migration, Theory and practice, Berg Publishers, Oxford, S.218-241.
2000
Eritrean women in Canada, Negotiating new lives, in: Candian Journal of Women`s Studies, vol. 19, no. 3, S.104-109.
Matzke, Christine
2002
Of Suwa and singing contests, Eerly urban women performers in Asmara, Eritrea, in: Banham, Martin / Gibbs, James / Osofisan, Femi (eds.): African theatre, Women, James Currey, London, S.29-46.
2002
Comrades in arts and arms, Stories of war and watercolours from Eritrea, in: Matatu, no. 25-26, S.21-54.
2003
Engendering theatre in Eritrea: The roles and representations of women in the performing arts, Bruchhaus, Eva-Marie (ed.): Hot spot Horn of Africa, Between integration and disintegration, Lit-Verlag, Munster/Berlin.
Mc Spadden, J.
1999
Negotiating masculinity in the reconstrution of social space, Eritrean and Ethiopian refugees in the United States and Sweden, in: Indra, D. (ed.): Engendering forced migration, Theory and practice, Berg Publishers, Oxford, S.242-260.
Moussa, Helene
1995
Caught between two worlds, Eritrean women refugees and voluntary repatriation, in: Sorenson, John (ed.): Disaster and development in the Horn of Africa, St. Martin`s Press, New York, S.208-227.
Ntombizozuko, Dyani
2006
Protocol on the rights of women in Africa, Protection from sexual violence during armed conflict, in: African Journal of Human Rights.
Nusad, Mary
1990
We are war’s natural enemies, in: VENA Newsletter vol. 2, no. 2, pp.28-31.
Odede, Rachel / Asghedom, Eden
2001
The continuum of violence against women in Eritrea, in: Development, vol. 44, no. 3, S.69-73.
Ondeko, Roselidah / Purdin, Susan
2004
Understanding the causes of gender-based violence, in: Forced Migration Review, vol. 19, S.30-31.
Oku Bright, Nancee
1997
Mothers of steel, The women of Um Garur, An Eritrean refugee settlement in Sudan, Africa World Press, Trenton.
Pankhurst, Helen
1999
Gender and conflict, Case study on Eritrean fighters, unpublished paper, ACORD, London.
Schamaneck, Claudia
1988
Eritrea: Wie ich zum Krieg kam, Reise in eine ungeliebte Realität, in: Frauensolidarität, Nr. 24, S.2-6.
1988
Begegnungen: Seit wir bereit sind, zu sterben, denken wir nicht mehr an das Kinderkriegen, in: Frauensolidarität, Nr. 24, S.7-11.
1998
Frauenemanzipation in revolutionären und militärischen Kontexten, Aspekte der Geschlechterverhältnisse am Beispiel eritreischer EPLF-Kämpferinnen, Beiträge zur Afrikanistik, 61, Wien.
Schuckar, Monika
1990
Lebensbedingungen, Widerstand und Verfolgung von Frauen vor dem Hintergrund des eritreischen Unabhängigkeitskampfes, Berliner Institut für vergleichende Sozialforschung, Berlin.
Selassie, Wubnesh
1992
The changing position of Eritrean women: An overview of women’s participation in the EPLF, in: Doonbos, Martin / Cliffe, Lionel / Ahmed, Abdel Ghaffar (eds.): Beyond conflict in the Horn, Red Sea Press, Trenton, S.67-71.
Silkin, T.
1983
Eritrea, Women in the struggle, in: Third World Quarterly, vol. 5, no. 4, S.909-914.
1989
Women can only be free when the power of the kin groups in smashed, New marriage laws and social change in liberated zones in Eritrea, in: International Journal of the Sociology of Law, vol. 17, S.147-163.
Sorensen, John
1988
Eritrean women, Dual struggle in the Horn of Africa, in: Canadian Women’s Studies, vol. 9, S.96-110.
Tseggai, Araia
1990
Eritrean women and Italian soldiers, Status of Eritrean women under Italian rule, in: Journal of Eritrean Studies, vol. vi, no. 1-2, pp.7-12.
Volker-Saad, Kerstin
2004
Zivilistinnen und Kämpferinnen in Eritrea, Berliner Beiträge zur Ethnologie, Bd. 7, Weißensee Verlag, Berlin.
2004
Eritrea und der Krieg, Frauen im Spannungsfeld zwischen traditionellen Kompetenzen und militärischer Notwendigkeit, in: Dilger, Hansjörg / Wolf, Angelika / Frömming, Urte Undine / Volker-Saad, Kerstin (Hg.): Moderne und postkoloniale Transformation, Weißensee-Verlag, Berlin, S.114-127.
Wilson, Amrit
1991
Women and the Eritrean revolution, The challenge road, The Read Sea Press, London.
Zimprich, Elke
1996
Ex-Kombatantinnen - Erfahrungen mit der Reintegration in Äthiopien, Eritrea und Uganda, in: EPD-Entwicklungspolitik, 3, S.R-X.
1996
Reintegration von Ex-Kämpferinnen in Eritrea, Eine gender-spezifische Studie in friedens- und entwicklungspolitischer Perspektive, Veröffentlichungen aus dem Institut für Afrika-Kunde, Hamburg.
Background Information
Abbay, Alemseged
1998
Identity jilted or re-imagining identity? The divergent paths of the Eritrean and Tigrayan nationalist struggles, The Red Sea Press, Lawrenceville.
Abbink, Jon
1998
Briefing, The Eritrean-Ethiopian border dispute, in: African Affairs, no. 97, S.551-565.
Ager, Alastair / Strang, Alison / Abebe, Behailu
2005
Conceptualizing community development in war-affected populations, Illustrations from Tigray, in: Community Development Journal, 40, 2, S.158-168.
Allen, Tim (ed.)
1996
In search for cool ground, War, fighting and homecomming in North-East Africa, James Currey, Oxford/London.
Bailliet, Cecilia
2007
Examining sexual violence in the military within the context of Eritrean asylum claims presented in Norway, in: International Journal of Refugee Law, 19, S.471-510.
Bariagaber, Assefaw
1998
The politics of cultural pluralism in Ethiopia and Eritrea, Trajectories of ethnicity and constitional experiments, in: Ethnic and Racial Studies, vol. 21, no. 6, S.1057-1073.
1999
States, international organisations and refugees, Reflections on the complexity of managing the refugee crisis in the Horn of Africa, in: Journal of Modern African Studies, vol. 37, no. 4, S.597-619.
2001
The refugee experience, Understanding the dynamics of refugee repatriation in Eritrea, in: Journal of Third World Studies, vol. 18, no. 2, S.47-70.
2006
Conflict and refugee experience, Flight, exile, and repatriation in the Horn of Africa, Ashgate Publishing, Aldershot.
Bascom, Jonathan
2005
The long, ‘last step’? Reintegration of repatriates in Eritrea, in: Journal of Refugee Studies, vol. 18, S.165-180.
Bekoe, Dorina (ed.)
2006
East Africa and the Horn, Confronting challenges of good governance, United States of America Press, Lanham.
Bereketeab, Redie
2004
Perilous dualism, Language, religion and identity in polyethnic Eritrea, in: Englund, Harrie / Nyamnjoh, Francis (eds.): Rights and politics of recognition in Africa, Zed Books, London, S.219-236.
2007
When success becomes a liability, Challenges of state building in Eritrea, 1991-2005, in: African and Asian Studies, vol. 6, no. 4, S.395-430.
Bernal, V.
2000
Equality to die for? Women guerrilla fighters and Eritrea’s cultural revolution, in: Polar, 23, S.61-76.
Blanc, Ann
2004
The role of conflict in the rapid fertility decline in Eritrea and prospects for the future, in: Studies in Family Planning, vol. 353, S. 236-245.
Brown, Neil / Riordan, Sean / Sharpe, Marina
2004
The Insecurity of Eritreans and Ethiopians in Cairo, in: International Journal of Refugee Law, 16, S.661-701.
Bruchhaus, Eva-Maria / Mehreteab, Amanuel
2000
`Leaving the warm house´, The impact of demobilisation in Eritrea, in: Kingma, Kees (ed.): Demobilisation in Sub-Saharan Africa, The development and security impacts, MacMillan Publishers, Houndsmills, Basingstoke, S.95-131.
Bruchhaus, Eva-Maria / Kreidler, Corinna / Schütte, Haja
1995
„Oh Du Löwe, wohin jetzt?“ Demobilisierung und Reintegration in Eritrea, in: Afrika Spectrum, vol. 30, S.177-193.
Bruchhaus, Eva-Maria (ed.)
2003
Hot spot Horn of Africa, Between integration and disintegration, Lit-Verlag, Münster.
Burgess, Doris
1989
Women and war: Eritrea, in: Review of African Political Economy, no. 45/46, S.126-132.
Campbell, Patricia
2005
Gender and post-conflict civil society in Eritrea, in: International Feminist Journal of Politics, vol. 7, S.377-399.
Christmann, Stefanie
1996
Die Freiheit haben wir nicht von den Männern, Frauen in Eritrea, Horleman Verlag, Bad Honnef.
1998
Machterhalt und Demokratie in Eritrea, in: Aus Politik und Zeitgeschichte, 21, S.16-26.
Clapham, Christopher
1995a
The Horn of Africa, A conflict zone, in: Furley, Oliver (ed.): Conflict in Africa, Tauris Academic Publishers, London, S.72-91.
1995b
Ethiopia and Eritrea, The politics of post-insurgency, in: Wiseman, John (ed.): Democracy and political change in Sub-Saharan Africa, Routledge, London, S.116-136.
1996
Boundary and territory in the Horn of Africa, in: Nugent, Paul / Asiwaju, A.I. (eds.): African boundaries, Barriers, conduits and opportunities, Pinter Press, London, S.237-249.
Cliffe, Lionel
1989
The impact of war and the response to it in different agrarian systems in Eritrea, in: Development and Change, vol. 20, S.373-400.
1994
The impact of war on food security in Eritrea, Prospects and recovery, in: Macrae, Joanna / Zwi, Anthony (eds.): War and hunger, rethinking international response to complex emergencies, Zed Books, London, S.160-179.
1999
Regional dimensions of conflict in the Horn of Africa, in: Third World Quarterly, vol. 20, no. 1, S.89-111.
Cliffe, Lionel / Davidson, Basil (eds.)
1988
The long struggle of Eritrea for independence and constructive peace, The Red Sea Press, Trenton.
Colijn, Inge
1990
Eritrean refugee women in eastern Sudan: Changes in roles and responsibilities, and the consequences, in: VENA Newsletter vol. 2, no. 2, S.23-27.
Connell, Dan
1993
Against all odds, A chronicle of the Eritrean revolution, The Red Sea Press, Lawrenceville.
1997
After the shooting stops, Revolution in post-war Eritrea, in: Race and Class, 38, S.57-78.
1999
Strategies for change, Women and politics in Eritrea and South Africa, in. Fox, Diana / Hasci, Naima (eds.): The challenges of women’s activism and human rights in Africa, Edwin Mellen Press, Lewiston, S.214-248.
2005a
Eritrea, On a slow fuse, in: Rotberg, Robert (ed.): Battling terrorism in the Horn of Africa, Publications of the Brookings Institution Press, Washington D.C., S.64-92.
2005b
Redeming the failed promise of democracy in Eritrea, in: Race and Class, vol. 46, no. 4, S.68-89.
Conrad, Bettina
2006
Out of the ‘memory hole’, Alternative narratives of the Eritrean revolution in the diaspora, in: Africa Spectrum, 41, 2, S.249-271.
Cowan, Nicole
1984
Women in Eritrea, An eye-witness account, in: Review of African Political Economy, no. 27-28, S.143-152.
Davidson, Basil / Cliffe, Lionell (eds.)
1988
Eritrea, The long road to independence, The Red Sea Press, Lawrenceville.
Dines, Mary
1988
Ethiopian violations of human rights in Eritrea, in: Cliffe, Lionel / Davidson, Basil (esd.): The long struggle of Eritrea for independence and constructive peace, The Red Sea Press, Trenton, S.139-162.
Doornbos, Martin / Tesfai, Alemseged (eds.)
1999
Post-conflict Eritrea, Prospects for reconstruction and development, The Red Sea Press, Lawrenceville.
Doornboos, Martin / Cliffe, Lionel et al.
1992
Beyond conflict in the Horn, Prospects for peace, recovery and development in Ethiopia, Somalia and the Sudan, The Red Sea Press, Lawrenceville.
Dorman, Sara Rich
2005
Past the Kalashnikov, Youth, politics and the state in Eritrea, in: Abbink, Jon / van Kessel, Ineke (eds.): Vanguards or vandals, Youth, politics and conflict in Africa, Brill Publishers, Leiden, S.189-222.
Eikenberg, K.
1995
Nachkriegsentwicklungen am Horn von Afrika, Eritrea, Äthiopien und Somaliland, in: Matthies, Volker (Hg.): Vom Krieg zum Frieden, Kriegsbeendigung und Friedenskonsolidierung, Edition Temmen, Bremen, S.249-279.
Elliesie, Hatem
2008
Dezentralisierung des Hochschulwesens in Eritrea, Militärische Grundausbildung als conditio sine qua non für höhere Bildung? – eine bedenkliche Entwicklung!, in: Afrika Spectrum, 43, 1, S.115-120.
Entner, Michaela
2001
Der eriträisch-äthiopische Krieg, Freiburg i.Br.
Farwell, Nancy
2001
‘Onward through strength’, Coping and psychosocial support among refugee youth returning to Eritrea from Sudan, in: Journal of Refugee Studies, vol. 14, S.43-69.
Favali, Lyda / Pateman, Roy
2003
Blood, land, and sex, Legal and political pluralism in Eritrea, Indiana University Press, Bloomington.
Firebrace, J. / Holland, S.
1985
Never kneel down, Drought, development and liberation in Eritrea, Red Sea Press, Trenton.
Frankland, Erich / Noble, Tammy
1996
A casee of national liberation with feminist undertones, The secession of Eritrea, in: Small Arms and Insurgencies, vol. 7, S.401-424.
Fukui, Katsuyoshi / Markakis, John (eds.)
1994
Ethnicity and conflict in the Horn of Africa, James Currey, London.
Fullerton-Joireman, S.
1996
The minefield of land reform, Comments on the Eritrean land proclamation, in: African Affairs, vol. 95, S.269-285.
Garcetti, Eric / Gruber, Janet
2000
The post-war nation, Rethinking the triple transition in Eritrea, in: Pugh, Michael (ed.): Regeneration of war-torn societies, St. Martin’s Press, New York, S.215-237.
Gebremedhin, Jordan
1989
Peasants and nationalism in Eritrea, A critique of Ethiopian Studies, The Red Sea Press, Trenton.
Gebremedhin, Tesfa
2002
Women, tradition and development, The Eritrean case, The Red Sea Press, Trenton.
Gottesman, L.
1998
To fight and learn, The praxis and promise of literacy in Eritrea’s independence war, Red Sea Press, Lawrenceville.
Gray, Christine
2006
The Eritrea/Ethiopia claims commission oversteps its boundaries, A partial award? in: European Journal of International Law, 17, 4, S.699-721.
Green, C. / Baden, S.
1994
Gender profile of the state of Eritea, Briefings on Development and Gender, Bridge, 22, Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex, Brighton.
Gruber, J.
2005
Silent survivors of sexual violence in conflict and implications for HIV mitigation, Experiences from Eritrea, in: African Journal of AIDS Research, 4, 2.
Hale, Sondra
2000
The soldier and the state, Post-Liberation women: The case of Eritrea, in: Waller, Marguerite / Rycenga, Jennifer (eds.): Frontline feminsms, women, war and resistance, Garland Publishing, New York, S.349-370.
2001
Liberated but not free, Women in post-conflict Eritrea, in: Meintjes, Sheila / Pillay, Anu / Turshen, Meredeth (eds.): The aftermath, Women in post-conflict transformation, Zed Books, London, S.122-141.
Hartmann, Rainer / Meier, Thorsten
1999
Ohne Rücksicht auf Verluste, Der Krieg zwischen Äthiopien und Eritrea droht beide Länder zu ruinieren, in: Der Überblick, 35. Jg., 1, S.80-82.
Hedru, Debessay
2003
Eritrea, Transition to dictatorship, 1991-2003, in: Review of African Political Economy, 97, S.435-444.
Hirt, Nicole
2001
Eritrea zwischen Krieg und Frieden, Die Entwicklung seit der Unabhängigkeit, Hamburger Beiträge zur Afrika-Kunde, Institut für Afrika-Kunde, Hamburg.
Iliffe, John
2005
Honour in African history, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
International Crisis Group
2005
Ethiopia and Eritrea, Preventing war, Africa Report no. 101, Publication of the International Crisis Group, Brussels/New York.
Israel, Mark / Lyons, Tanya / Mason, C.
2002
Women, resistance and Africa: Armed struggles in Zimbabwe, South Africa and Eritrea, in: Humanity and Society, vol. 26, no. 3, S.196-213.
Iyob, Ruth
1997
The Eritrean experiment, A cautious pragmatism, in: Journal of Modern African Studies, vol. 35, S.647-673.
2000
The Ethiopian-Eritrean conflict, Diasporic versus hegemonic states in the Horn of Africa, 1991-2000, in: Journal of Modern African Studies, vol. 38, no. 4, S.659-682.
2004
The Eritrean struggle for independence, Domination, resistance, nationalism, 1941-1993, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Jacquin-Berdal, Dominique (ed.)
2005
Unfinished business, Ethiopia and Eritrea at war, The Red Sea Press, Lawrenceville.
Jacquin-Berdal, Dominique / Mengistu, Aida
2006
Nationalism and identity in Ethiopia and Eritrea, Building multi-ethnic states, in: Bekoe, Dorina (ed.): East Africa and the Horn, Confronting challenges to good governance, Lynne Rienner Publishers, Boulder, S.81-100.
Kemink, Friederike
1991
Die Tegrenna-Frauen in Eritrea, Eine Untersuchung der Kodizes des Gewohnheitsrechtes 1890-1941, Steiner Verlag, Wiesbaden.
Kibreab, Gaim
1987
Refugees and development in Africa, The Eritrean case, The Red Sea Press, Lawrenceville.
1995
Eritrean women refugees in Khartoum, Sudan, 1970-1990, in: Journal of Refugee Studies, vol. 8, no. 1, S.1-25.
1996a
Left in limbo, Prospects for repatriation of Eritrean refugess from the Sudan and response of the international donor community, in: Allen, Tim (ed.): In search for cool ground, War, flight and homecoming in Northeast Africa, James Currey, London, S.53-65.
1996b
Eritrean and Ethiopian refugees in Khartoum, What the eye refuses to see, in: African Studies Review, vol. 39, no. 3, S.131-178.
2002
When refugees come home, The relationship between stayees and returnees in post-conflict Eritrea, in. Journal of Contemporary African Studies, vol. 20, no. 1, S.53-80.
2003
Rethinking household headship among Eritrean refugees and returnees, in: Development and Change, vol. 34, no. 2, S.311-337.
2008
Critical reflections on the Eritrean war of independence, Red Sea Press, Lawrenceville.
Klein, Axel
1998
Why? The Eritrean-Ethiopian conflict, in: Review of African Political Economy, vol. 25, no. 77, S.508-526.
Klingebiel, Stephan / Gärke, Inge / Kreidler, Corinna et al.
1995
Promoting the reintegration of former female and male combatants in Eritrea, Possible contributions of development co-operation to the reintegration programme, Deutsches Institut für Entwicklungspolitik, Reports and Working Papers, 6, Bonn.
Koenig, Angela
1990
Überleben in Gewaltverhältnissen, Zur Situation eritreischer und äthiopischer Flüchtlingsfrauen, in: Donner-Reichle, Carola / Klemp, Ludgera (Hrsg.): Frauenwort für Menschenrechte, Breitenbach Verlag, Saarbrücken, S.141-169.
Kurimoto, E. / Simonse, S. (eds.)
1998
Conflict, age and power in North East Africa, James Currey, London.
LaDuke, Betty
1997
Eritrea: Artisits/fighters with new visions, in: LaDuke, Betty. Africa: Women's art, Women lives, Africa World Press, Trenton, S.147-187.
Lata, Leenco
2003
The Ethiopia-Eritrea war, in: Boulden, Jane (ed.): Dealing with conflict in Africa, The United Nations and regional organizations, Palgrave, New York, S.153-184.
Leisure, Susan
1999
Exchanging participation for promises: Mobilization of women in Eritrea, in: Bystydzienski, Jill M. and Sekhon, Joti (eds.): Democratization and women’s grassroots movements, Indiana University Press, Bloomington, S.95-109.
Locher-Tschofen, Doris
1990
Die eritreischen Frauen, Zärtlichkeit im Überlebenskampf, in: Furrer-Kreski, Elisabeth et al. (Hg.): Handbuch Eritrea, Geschichte und Gegenwart eines Konfliktes, Rio Verlag, Zürich, S.69-98.
Luckham, R.
2002
Radical soldiers, new model armies and the nation-state in Ethiopia and Eritrea, in: Koonings, K. / Kruijt, D. (eds.): Political armies, The military and nation building in the age of democracy, Zed Books, London, S.238-269.
Lyons, Terrence
1996
The international context of internal war, Ethiopia/Eritera, in: Keller, Edmond / Rothchild, Donald (eds.): Africa in the new international order, Rethinking state sovereignty and regional security, Lynne Rienner Publishers, Boulder, S.85-99.
MacKay, Angela
2005
Mainstreaming gender in United Nations peacekeeping training, Examples from East Timor, Ethiopia, and Eritrea, in: Mazurana, Dyan E. / Raven-Roberts, Angela / Parpart, Jane L. (eds.): Gender, conflict and peacekeeping, Rowman and Littlefield, Lanham, S.265-279.
Mama, Amina
1992
The need for gender analysis, A comment on the prospects for peace, recovery and development in the Horn of Africa, in: Doornbos, M. / Cliffe, L. / Ahmed, A.G.M. / Markakis, J. (eds.): Beyond conflict in the Horn, Africa World Press, Trenton, S.72-78.
Markakis, John (ed.):
1993
Conflict and decline of pastoralism in the Horn of Africa, MacMillan Publishers, Houndsmills, Basingstoke.
Marcus, R.
1995
Eritrea, in: Bryne, B. / Marcus, R. / Power-Stevens, T. (eds.): Gender, conflict and development, Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex, Brighton, S.128-148.
Marx, Christoph
2004
Geschichte Afrikas, Von 1800 bis zur Gegenwart, Schönigh Verlag, Paderborn.
Mason, Christine
2001
Gender, nationalism and revolution: Reassessing women's relationships with the Eritrean Liberation Front, Working Paper no. 274, Women and International Development, Michigan State University, East Lansing.
Matthies, Volker
1981
Der Eritrea-Konflikt, ein „vergessener Krieg“ am Horn von Afrika, Arbeiten aus dem Institut für Afrika-Kunde, 34, Institut für Afrika-Kunde, Hamburg.
1992
Horn von Afrika, (Äthiopien/Eritrea, Somalia), Krieg und Dürre, Frieden und Milch, in: Hofmeier, Rolf / Matthies, Volker (Hrsg.): Vergessene Kriege in Afrika, Lamuv Verlag, Göttingen, S.173-214.
2003
Die UNO am Horn von Afrika, Die Missionen in Somalia (UNOSOM I, UNITAF, UNOSOM II) und in Äthiopien/Eritrea (UNMEE), in: Schorlemer, Sabine von (Hg.): Praxishandbuch UNO, Die Vereinten Nationen im Lichte globaler Herausforderungen, Springer Verlag, Berlin, S.41-63.
2007
Gewaltkonflikte und Friedensmöglichkeiten am Horn von Afrika, in: Hessische Stiftung Friedens- und Konfliktforschung (Hg.): Friedensgutachten 2007, Lit-Verlag, Münster, S.285-296.
Matsuoka, Atsuko / Sorenson, John
2000
Eritrean women in Canada, Negotiating new lives, in: Candian Journal of Women`s Studies, vol. 19, no. 3, S.104-109.
2001
Ghosts and shadows, Construction of community and identity in an African diaspora, Toronto University Press, Toronto.
Matzke, Christine
2002
Of Suwa and singing contests, Eerly urban women performers in Asmara, Eritrea, in: Banham, Martin / Gibbs, James / Osofisan, Femi (eds.): African theatre, Women, James Currey, London, S.29-46.
2002
Comrades in arts and arms, Stories of war and watercolours from Eritrea, in: Matatu, no. 25-26, S.21-54.
2003
Engendering theatre in Eritrea: The roles and representations of women in the performing arts, Bruchhaus, Eva-Marie (ed.): Hot spot Horn of Africa, Between integration and disintegration, Lit-Verlag, Munster/Berlin.
Mehreteab, Amanuel
2002
Veteran combatants do not fade away, A comparative study on two demobilization and reintegration exercices in Eritrea, BICC paper no. 23, BICC, Bonn.
2005
Wake up, Hanna! Reintegration and reconstruction challenges in post-war Eritrea, Africa World Press, Trenton.
Medhanie, Tesfatsion
2007
Towards confederation in the Horn of Africa, Focus on Ethiopia and Eritrea, Iko Verlag, Frankfurt a.M.
Milkias, Paulos
1999
Ethiopia and Eritrea at war, Saga of triumph and tragegy at the dawn of the Millenium, in: Horn of Africa, 17, S.33-71.
Moussa, Helene
1995
Caught between two worlds, Eritrean women refugees and voluntary repatriation, in: Sorenson, John (ed.): Disaster and development in the Horn of Africa, St. Martin’s Press, New York, S.208-227.
Müller, Tanja
2005a
The making of elite women, Revolution and nation building in Eritrea, Brill Publishers, Leiden.
2005b
Responding to the HIV/AIDS epidemic, Lessons from the case of Eritrea, in: Progress in Development Studies, 5, 3, S.199-212.
2006
State making in the Horn of Africa, Notes on Eritrea and prospects for the end of violent conflict in the Horn, in: Conflict, Security and Development, 6, 4, S.503-530.
Negash, Tekeste
1987
Italian colonialism in Eritrea, Policies, praxis and impact, 1882-1941, Almqvist and Wiksell, Stockholm.
1997
Eritrea and Ethiopia, The federal experience, Transaction Publishers, New Brunswick.
Negash, Tekeste / Tronvoll, Kjetil
2000
Brothers at war, Making sense of the Eritrean-Ethiopian war, James Currey, Oxford/London.
Odede, Rachel / Asghedom, Eden
2001
The continuum of violence against women in Eritrea, in: Development, vol. 44, no. 3, S.69-73.
Oku Bright, Nancee
1997
Mothers of steel, The women of Um Garur, An Eritrean refugee settlement in Sudan, Africa World Press, Trenton.
Omar, Musa Muhammad
2002
Ethnien und Nationalstaat am Horn von Afrika, Somalia und Eritrea, Lit-Verlag, Münster.
Ottaway, Marina
1995
Eritrea and Ethiopia, Negotiations in a transitional conflict, in: Zartman, William (ed.): Elusive peace, Negotiating an end to civil wars, Washington, S.103-120.
Pankhurst, Helen
1999
Gender and conflict, Case study on Eritrean fighters, unpublished paper, ACORD, London.
Patemann, Roy
1990
Liberté, egalité, fraternité, Aspects of the Eritrean revolution, in: Journal of Modern African Studies, vol. 28, no. 3, S.457-472.
1990
Eritrea, Even the stones are burning, The Red Sea Press, Lawrenceville.
1994
Eritrea takes back to the world stage, in: Current History, vol. 93, Nr. 583, S.228-231.
Pool, David
1993
Eritrean independence, The legacy of the Derg and the politics of resonstruction, in: African Affairs, vol. 92, Nr. 368, S.389-402.
1998
The Eritrean People’s Liberation Front, in: Clapham, Christopher (ed.): African guerrillas, James Currey, London/Oxford, S.19-35.
2001
From guerrillas to government, The Eritrean People’s Liberation Front, James Currey, London.
Radtke, Katrin
2005
From gifts to taxes, The mobilisation of Tamil and Eritrean diaspora in intrastate warfare, Working Paper, Mikropolitics, Nr. 2, Junior Research Group Micropolitics of Armed Groupes, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin.
Reid, Richard
2003
Old problems in new conflicts, some observations on Eritrea and its relations with Tigray, from liberation struggle to inter-state war, in: Africa, vol. 73, no. 3, S.369-401.
2005
Caught in the headlights of history, Eritrea, The EPLF and the post-war nation-state, in: Journal of Modern African Studies, vol. 43, no. 3, S.467-488.
Rock, June
1999
Relief and rehabilitation in Eritrea, Lessons and issues, in: Third World Quarterly, vol. 20, no. 1, S.129-142.
Sabo, Lois / Kibirige, Joachim
1989
Political violence and Eritrean health care, in: Social Science and Medicine, vol. 28, no. 7, S.677-684.
Schamanek, Claudia
1988
Eritrea: Wie ich zum Krieg kam, Reise in eine ungeliebte Realität, in: Frauensolidarität, Nr. 24, S.2-6.
1988
Begegnungen: Seit wir bereit sind, zu sterben, denken wir nicht mehr an das Kinderkriegen, in: Frauensolidarität, Nr. 24, S.7-11.
1998
Frauenemanzipation in revolutionären und militärischen Kontexten, Aspekte der Geschlechterverhältnisse am Beispiel eritreischer EPLF-Kämpferinnen, Beiträge zur Afrikanistik, 61, Veröffentlichungen der Institute für Afrikanistik und Ägyptologie, Wien.
Schuckar, Monika
1990
Lebensbedingungen, Widerstand und Verfolgung von Frauen vor dem Hintergrund des eritreischen Unabhängigkeitskampfes, Berliner Institut für vergleichende Sozialforschung, Edition Parabolis, Berlin.
Selassie, Habie Elias
1996
Homecoming in Eritrea, in: Allen, Tim (ed.): In search for cool ground, War, flight and homecoming in Northeast Africa, James Currey, London, S.44-52.
Selassie, Wubnesh
1992
The changing position of Eritrean women: An overview of women’s participation in the EPLF, in: Doonbos, Martin / Cliffe, Lionel / Ahmed, Abdel Ghaffar (eds.): Beyond conflict in the Horn, The Red Sea Press, Lawrenceville, S.67-71.
Silkin, Trish
1983
Eritrea, Women in the struggle, in: Third World Quarterly, vol. 5, no. 4, S.909-914.
1989
‘Women can only be free when the power of the kin groups in smashed’, New marriage laws and social change in liberated zones in Eritrea, in: International Journal of the Sociology of Law, vol. 17, S.147-163.
Silkin, Trish / Hendrie, Barbara
1997
Research in the war zones of Eritrea and Northern Ethiopia, in: Disasters, vol. 21, no. 2, S.166-176.
Smidt, Wolbert
2000
Äthiopisch-eritreische Kriegführung in den Medien, in: S+F, Vierteljahreszeitschrift für Sicherheit und Frieden, 18, 3, S.233-238.
Sorensen, John
1988
Eritrean women, Dual struggle in the Horn of Africa, in: Canadian Women’s Studies, vol. 9, S.96-110.
1991
Discourses on Eritrean nationalism and identity, in: Journal of Modern African Studies, vol. 29, no. 2, S.301-317.
Sorenson, John (ed.)
1995
Disaster and development in the Horn of Africa, St. Martin’s Press, New York.
Tadesse, Medhane / Young, John
2003
TPFL, Reform or decline? in: Review of African Political Economy, 97, S.389-403.
Tekle, Amare (ed.)
1994
Eritrea and Ethiopia, From conflict to cooperation, The Red Sea Press, Lawrenceville.
Tesfagiorgis, Gebrehiwet (ed.)
1993
Emergent Eritrea, Challenges of economic development, Red Sea Press, Trenton.
Treiber, Magnus
2005
Der Traum vom guten Leben, Die eritreische warsay-Generation im Asmara der zweiten Nachkriegszeit, Lit-Verlag, Münster-Berlin.
2007
Dreaming of a good life — young urban refugees from the Horn of Africa between refusal of politics and political asylum seeking, in: Hahn, Hans-Peter / Klute, Georg (eds.): Cultures of Migration – African perspectives, Lit-Verlag, Berlin, S. 239-260.
Trivelli, Richard
1998
Divided histories, Opportunistic alliances, Background notes on the Ethiopian-Eritrean war, in: Afrika Spectrum, 33, 3, S.257-289.
Tronvoll, Kjetil
1998
The process of nation-building in post-war Eritrea, Created from below or directed from above? in: Journal of Modern African Studies, vol. 36, S.461-482.
1999
Borders of violence, Boundaries of identity, Demarcating the Eritrean nation-state, in: Ethnic and Racial Studise, vol. 42, no. 6, S.257-289.
Tseggai, Araia
1990
Eritrean women and Italian soldiers, Status of Eritrean women under Italian rule, in: Journal of Eritrean Studies, vol. 6, no. 1-2, S.7-12.
Venkataraman, M.
2007
Ethiopia-Eritrea ties, Past, present, future, in: Africa Quarterly, 47, 1, S.52-61.
Volker-Saad, Kerstin
2004
Zivilistinnen und Kämpferinnen in Eritrea, Berliner Beiträge zur Ethnologie, Bd. 7, Weißensee Verlag, Berlin.
2004
Eritrea und der Krieg, Frauen im Spannungsfeld zwischen traditionellen Kompetenzen und militärischer Notwendigkeit, in: Dilger, Hansjörg / Wolf, Angelika / Frömming, Urte Undine / Volker-Saad, Kerstin (Hg.): Moderne und postkoloniale Transformation, Weißensee-Verlag, Berlin, S.114-127.
White, Philip
2002
The Eritea-Ethiopian border arbitration, in: Review of African Political Economy, no. 96, S.345-356.
2005
War and food security in Eritrea and Ethiopia, 1998-2000, in: Disasters, vol. 29, no. 1, S.92-113.
Wilson, Amrit
1991
Women and the Eritrean revolution, The challenge road, The Red Sea Press, Lawrenceville.
Woodward, Peter
2006
US foreign policy in the Horn of Africa, Ashgate, Aldershot.
Young, John
1996
The Tigray and the Eritrean Peoples Liberation Fronts, A history of tensions and pragmatism, in: Journal of Modern African Studies, vol. 34, no. 1, S.105-120.
Zimprich, Elke
1996
Ex-Kombattantinnen - Erfahrungen mit der Reintegration in Äthiopien, Eritrea und Uganda, in: EPD-Entwicklungspolitik, 3, S.R-X.
1996
Reintegration von Ex-Kämpferinnen in Eritrea, Eine gender-spezifische Studie in friedens- und entwicklungspolitischer Perspektive, Veröffentlichungen aus dem Institut für Afrika-Kunde, 94, Hamburg.
Auto/Biographien
Tesfagiorgis, Abeba
1992
A painful season and a stubborn hope, The odyssey of an Eritrean mother, Africa World Press, Trenton.